树莓派如何安装nextcloud搭建私有云
树莓派如何安装nextcloud搭建私有云
这篇文章将为大家详细讲解有关树莓派如何安装nextcloud搭建私有云，小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家做个参考，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获。
nextcloud简介
nextcloud前身是大名鼎鼎的owncloud，两者均是开源的网络硬盘系统。nextcloud不仅可以搭建私有云存储和同步数据，也提供联系人、日程管理功能，web端还提供私密的语音视频通话功能。nextcloud致力于数据安全，云端的数据均可选择加密，并遵循安全行业最佳实践。客户端支持windows、macos、linux三大pc平台，以及安卓ios两大移动平台，完全足够家庭或中小型团队协作使用。
部署和设置nextcloud
nextcloud程序由php语言编写，因此部署需要具备php运行环境以及web中间件。因其支持平台众多，官方文档略显繁琐，故本文给出树莓派上用nginx、mariadb、redis搭建nextcloud的详细步骤。
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从官网下载部署程序；
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更新系统和必备软件：
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade && sudo apt install -y libreoffice ffmpeg； -
安装nginx：
sudo apt install -y nginx； -
安装redis：
sudo apt install -y redis; -
安装mariadb：
sudo apt install mariadb-server； -
安装php及推荐模块：
sudo apt install -y php7.3 php7.3-fpm php7.3-curl php7.3-gd php7.3-dom php7.3-iconv php7.3-openssl php-redis php-mysql php7.3-zip php7.3-bz2 php7.3-intl php7.3-imagick； -
解压部署程序：
unzip nextcloud-xxxx.zip； -
将nextcloud文件移动到网站根目录：
sudo mv nextcloud-xxx /var/www/html/nextcloud； -
创建数据目录，更改目录权限：
mkdir /var/www/html/nextcloud/data && sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/nextcloud； -
配置php：打开**/etc/php/7.3/fpm/php.ini**文件，做如下更改：
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expose_php改成off
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date.timezone 一行删掉前面的;号，值改成Asia/Shanghai
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删掉opcache.enable=1，opcache.validate_timestamps=1，opcache.revalidate_freq=2这三行前面的;号，将opcache.revalidate_freq的值改成30;
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配置fpm：打开**/etc/php/7.3/fpm/pool.d/www.conf**文件，移除clear_env=no，env[开头那几行前面的;号（即388，401-405这几行前面的分号）；
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设置mariadb管理员密码：
mysqladmin -uroot password '你的密码'; -
创建nextcloud数据库：
mysql -uroot -p'你的密码' -e 'create user nextcloud@"%" identified by "nextcloud数据库密码"; create database nextcloud default charset=utf8mb4; grant all privileges on nextcloud.* to nextcloud@"%"; flush privileges;'； -
配置nginx：在**/etc/nginx/sites-enabled**目录下，创建一个nextcloud文件，其内容如下（注意，本配置中禁用了https）：
upstream php-handler { server unix:/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock; } server { listen 80; listen [::]:80; server_name cloud.example.com; # enforce https #return 301 https://$server_name:443$request_uri; #} #server { # listen 443 ssl http2; # listen [::]:443 ssl http2; # server_name cloud.example.com; # Use Mozilla's guidelines for SSL/TLS settings # https://mozilla.github.io/server-side-tls/ssl-config-generator/ # NOTE: some settings below might be redundant # ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.crt; # ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.key; # Path to the root of your installation root /var/www/html/nextcloud; location = /robots.txt { allow all; log_not_found off; access_log off; } # The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app. # Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app. #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last; #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json last; # The following rule is only needed for the Social app. # Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app. #rewrite ^/.well-known/webfinger /public.php?service=webfinger last; location = /.well-known/carddav { return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/remote.php/dav; } location = /.well-known/caldav { return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/remote.php/dav; } # set max upload size client_max_body_size 512M; fastcgi_buffers 64 4K; # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers gzip on; gzip_vary on; gzip_comp_level 4; gzip_min_length 256; gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth; gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy; # Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module # This module is currently not supported. #pagespeed off; location / { rewrite ^ /index.php; } location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ { deny all; } location ~ ^/(?:.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) { deny all; } location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|oc[ms]-provider/.+).php(?:$|/) { fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?.php)(/.*|)$; set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info; try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info; #fastcgi_param HTTPS on; # Avoid sending the security headers twice fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true; # Enable pretty urls fastcgi_param front_controller_active true; fastcgi_pass php-handler; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_request_buffering off; } location ~ ^/(?:updater|oc[ms]-provider)(?:$|/) { try_files $uri/ =404; index index.php; } # Adding the cache control header for js, css and map files # Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block location ~ .(?:css|js|woff2?|svg|gif|map)$ { try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri; add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463"; # Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to # have those duplicated to the ones above) # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into # this topic first. #add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;" always; # # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list # could take several months. add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer" always; add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always; add_header X-Download-Options "noopen" always; add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always; add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none" always; add_header X-Robots-Tag "none" always; add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always; # Optional: Don't log access to assets access_log off; } location ~ .(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg|bcmap)$ { try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri; # Optional: Don't log access to other assets access_log off; } } -
启动各项服务：
sudo systemctl restart nginx php7.3-fpm redis-server mariadb。如果系统安装了防火墙，记得放行80端口； -
打开浏览器，在地址栏输入树莓派的ip，例如：http://192.168.1.2，将出现nextcloud的设置页面，选择用户名和密码，以及输入数据库用户名和密码，完成设置。
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设置完成后，进入了类似百度云盘的操作界面，说明云盘已经初步搭建好了。
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配置nextcloud，使其性能更好：打开**/var/www/html/nextcloud/config/config.php**文件，在最后的);前添加缓存配置：
'memcache.local' => 'OCMemcacheRedis', 'memcache.distributed' => 'OCMemcacheRedis', 'redis' => [ 'host' => 'localhost', 'port' => 6379, 'dbindex' => 0, 'password' => '', 'timeout' => 1.5, ],
至此，nextcloud的部署和设置全部完毕，在浏览器界面已经能够查看和管理各种数据和功能了。
其它
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树莓派默认的sd卡存储空间很小，实践应该将nextcloud的程序文件托管在外置硬盘上；
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设置外网访问需要用到域名、dns、https配置以及内网穿透，本文不再给出；
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各平台客户端的设置和使用请参考官方教程，本文不再给出
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